Simulating DC-DC Converter Efficiency More Accurately With State-Space Averaging VRM Models

by Benjamin Dannan, Signal Edge Solutions, Baltimore, Md., How2Power Today, Jan 15 2026

Focus:
Voltage regulator modules (VRMs), play a critical role in transforming input voltages to the precise levels required by high-performance ICs like CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. This article delves into the importance of dc-dc converter efficiency, exploring when this metric becomes a design imperative, highlighting applications where its simulation is indispensable, and demonstrating how advanced state-space average VRM models within Keysight ADS provide a powerful solution for accurate and quick efficiency analysis. A simulation example using TI’s TPS62816-Q1 converter is presented. The article includes explanation of how to account for ac and dc inductor losses in the efficiency simulation.

What you’ll learn:

• How to simulate power conversion efficiency in Keysight ADS using a Sandler State Space Average Converter model
• How to include ac and dc inductor losses in power converter efficiency simulations

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